This paper analyzes the degree of commonality and responsibility sharing of medical insurance system in medical security system by the theory of public goods, and puts forward distinctive concept of universal medical insurance and connection between the thinking of restructure medical security system and the system of restructure medical security system based on principle of equality and freedom and principle of reasonable economic inequality in the theory of fairness and justice by John Rawls through rethinking our country current medical security system and relevent policy of medical insurance. And provide new thinking for integrating our country’s medical insurance system,