Objective: To evaluate the current situation and fairness of the health and family planning resource allocation of Shanxi province. Methods：This paper uses the health and family planning statistical almanac and survey statistics , which is operated by Gini coefficient and HRDI , to evaluate the fairness between population and geography . We also use the Thail coefficient to evaluate the fairness in the interior and exterior of district. Results：The fairness of the health and family planning resource allocation is enhancing ; the fairness that is allocated by population is better while which allocated by geography is worse ; the health workers are in a quantity of shortage , especially the medical practitioners , which has an influence in the efficiency and fairness in resource allocation. Conclusion: In order to improve the fairness of the health and family planning resource allocation, we should enhance the guiding function of health planning, strengthen human resources construction of the north and south area, and establish the health and family planning service system which conform to the actual situation of Shanxi province.