Objective: to understand the situation of public hospitals in Jiangxi province.Methods: qualitative and quantitative analysis, descriptive analysis and comparative analysis were used to analyze the causes and changes of urban public hospitals’’ debt increase.Results: in order to meet the growing demand for medical services and public services, public debt infrastructure and the purchase of equipment, coupled with inadequate financial investment, public hospitals in the city continued to rise in debt levels.Conclusion: governments at all levels should increase the capital expenditure of hospital construction and equipment investment, strict control of public hospital debt behavior, and the implementation of the reform of public hospitals canceled drug addition, establishing the characteristics of the medical industry personnel salary system and other measures to resolve the synchronous speed of public hospital debt, prompting public hospital debt risk control in the reasonable scope in.