Objective: The target is to study the problem of the interests decision-making and allocation about sharing medical resources between private hospitals and public hospitals research, and to explore the internal symbiosis mechanism of them; Methods: in order to study in depth the decision-making and benefit distribution mechanism of private hospitals and public hospitals by the maximization method; Results: The symbiotic cooperation private of hospitals and public hospitals can bring the total additional benefits of the medical service market when the supply of the sharing medical resources is greater than that of demand. Collaborative decision is better than independent decision-making between private hospitals and public hospitals. When the supply of sharing in medical resources is less than demand situation, the symbiotic cooperation decisions of both hospitals can not bring additional benefits from the medical service market. The research shows “the contribution coefficient of medical service market is the more, and the profit distribution coefficient is greater”. Conclusion: in order to make full use of medical resources, to better serve the residents and to maximize the total benefit of the medical service market, it is recommended to build the information platform, the formation of effective coordination mechanism and the establishment of collaborative performance evaluation