Objective: To analyze our country in various groups of health services utilization of medical insurance for urban workers, medical insurance for urban residents and the new rural cooperative medical care, compared three groups of health service utilization degree of inequality, and inequality decomposition estimates related factors. Methods: The utilization of health services of 9836 residents in 6 provinces, 16 cities and 31 counties in 2014 was investigated by field investigation. The use of concentration index and concentration curve to calculate the health services of provinces, cities and counties to make use of inequality. The relative inequalities and normalization inequalities of the three medical insurance systems were calculated by regression analysis and concentration index decomposition. Results: The residents per capita household income as a reference, in 2014 China residents health service utilization concentration index was 0.1140, which was 0.0882 in Liaoning, Anhui province -0.0664, Shandong province is 0.1662, Henan is 0.2031, Shaanxi is 0.2276, Ningxia autonomous region 0.1018. The concentration index of health service utilization in the urban employees medical insurance group is 0.1534, the urban residents medical insurance is 0.1097, the new rural cooperative medical scheme is -0.0374, and the other insurance is 0.2244. The concentration index for male residents was 0.0955, compared with 0.1286 for females. By the analysis of the regression equation, the control of economy, age, geographical factors such as the standard of the three main social medical insurance groups using health service insurance concentration index respectively for 0.1332 urban employees’’ medical insurance, medical insurance for urban residents is 0.1225, 0.0994 is not the subject of NCMS, both before the change. Conclusion: From the perspective of the inequality reflected by the concentration index, the health service utilization equity of the insured groups in Liaoning province is fairly good, and the inequality in Shaanxi province is poor. The three main types of social medical insurance groups of health service utilization inequality differences, medical insurance for urban workers, the inequality of the largest, followed by the medical insurance for urban residents, the new rural cooperative medical unequal minimum.