Objective: To analyze the allocation and equity of primary health human resources in 34 key contact districts/counties of primary health comprehensive reform. Methods: The number of health personnel per 1000 people (the number of general practitioners per 10,000 people) was calculated to describe the allocation of primary health human resources; the Gini coefficient and the index of Taylor were calculated to reflect the equity; and the Theil index decomposition method was used to understand the contributions of interregional and intraregional difference of human resources allocation in primary health care, based on the data of 2013 - 2015 Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook. Results: The number of health personnel, practice (assistant) physicians and registered nurses per 1000 people in key contact districts/counties w ere relatively 1.44, 0.52, 0.40, and the number of general practitioners per 10,000 people were 2.43 in 2015, Compared with 2013, the number of practice (assistant) physician per 1000 people decreased, and the number of general practitioners per 10 000 people increased significantly and the allocation of primary health human resources in the east was better than that in the central and western regions. In 2015, the Gini coefficients of health personnel, practice (assistant) physicians, general practitioners and registered nurses were respectively 0.1707, 0.1920, 0.3542 and 0.1873; the index of Taylor were respectively 0.0199, 0.0262, 0.1322 and 0.0314. The allocation of primary health human resources was relatively equitable except for general practitioners. The equity of practice (assistant) physicians and general practitioners was improved compared with that in 2013. The interregional difference of primary health human resources allocation contributed 15% to the total Theil index. The other 85% w as from the intraregional difference, with the eastern region having the greatest influence on the total difference, contributing 60% to the total Theil index. Conclusion The inequity of primary health human resources allocation in key contact districts/counties was mainly due to intraregional difference, especially in the eastern region. There was a lack of primary health human resources, The construction of general practitioner teams needed to be further strengthened