Objective: To empirically analyze the characteristics and trends of the changes in revenue and expenditure structure of a specialized hospital in Shenzhen from 2017 to 2021, and to describe the impact of the comprehensive reform practice of public hospitals and related policies on the sustainable development of specialized hospitals. Methods: With the help of relevant indicators and data such as the financial income and expenditure of a specialized hospital and its structural changes from 2017 to 2021 , the structural change model and its methods were used to conduct a systematic evaluation. Results: The proportion of income from medical services continued to increase, the proportion of income from medicines, health materials, inspections and tests continued to decline, and the proportion of government financial subsidies also showed a downward trend. Conclusion: The comprehensive reform of public hospitals has achieved remarkable results, which has promoted the transformation and development of specialized hospitals. However, the comprehensive reform measures of hospitals need to be further improved, such as continuous improvement of government financial compensation policies, standardization of hospital diagnosis and treatment behavior, and strict control of unreasonable use of drugs and consumables. It is needed to improve the hospital revenue and expenditure structure to effectively guarantee the sustainable development of public hospitals.