Objective: It aims to reduce the risk of shortage of drugs in the process of institutionalization of drug centralized procurement. Methods: It firstly analyzes the essence of drug centralized procurement from an economic point of view, and then theoretically discusses the possible supply shortage of drug centralized procurement by applying the supply and demand model. Furthermore, it explores the risk sources of drug shortage from the perspective of different stakeholders and finally systematizes the risk control measures adopted by the UK., US., Germany and WHO in the field of drug centralized procurement. Results: All countries formulate the collection policy in accordance with the principle of "value for money" and reduce the risk of shortage of drug centralized procurement by combining various collection laws and regulations with regulatory methods. Conclusion: The risk prevention countermeasures of shortage of drug centralized procurement can be improved by issuing laws and regulations on centralized drug collection, establishing drug information platform and reforming the existing medical institution system.