Objective: Evaluate the performance of China's primary medical institutions from 2014 to 2019 in order to study the key factors affecting performance, and put forward suggestions for the development of the institutions, so as to further give play to the guiding role of performance appraisal. Methods: Based on literature analysis and policy research, indicators of service provision, service efficiency, economic management and manpower allocation are selected to construct the performance evaluation index system of primary medical institutions. The performance evaluation model is constructed based on the combination weighting method. Results: The top five combined weights of performance evaluation indicators of China's primary medical institutions are the number of health examination, the number of family health service providers, the number of doctors responsible for diagnosis and treatment per day, the ratio of medical care and the number of diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: To develop China's primary medical institutions, it proposes to strengthen the construction of service capacity, improve the level of service efficiency, strengthen the financial management, and pay attention to the training of employees.