Objective: To establish a financial risk evaluation system in order to help public hospitals face market competition and avoid financial risks. Methods: Based on the analytic hierarchy process, 19 financial indexes in 5 categories are selected to construct financial risk evaluation system. Results: The index with higher index weight was obtained, which caused the focus of hospital financial risk prevention. Conclusion: It provides references for the construction of financial risk evaluation system of public hospitals, hospital managers and decision makers of superior units, and helps the orderly and stable development of medical and health industry, and provides reference for future academic research.