Objective: Based on exploring the role background of county medical community in the improvement of medical service capacity of township health centers, it summarized and analyzed the practical problems of the improvement of medical service capacity of township health centers, so as to anchor the current situation of the improvement of medical service capacity of township health centers. Methods: From the perspective of dynamic ability theory, combined with subject research and literature review, the social background and problems in the long-term development of township health centers in China were reviewed and summarized. Results: The improvement of medical service ability of township health centers was in the environment of social comprehensive system, showing a dynamic and changeable ability development trend, which was in line with the theoretical logic of dynamic ability theory. Conclusion: In order to improve the medical service capacity of township health centers, it needed to strategically do a good job in the top-level design, combined with the social system background of different township health centers, adjust measures to local conditions, do a good job in the dynamic monitoring of the improvement of medical service capacity of township health centers, make timely policy adjustment, and promote the dynamic and steady improvement of medical service capacity of township health centers.