Objective: To understand the misallocation of medical resources in China，the it clarifies the influencing factors of medical resource misallocation，and proposes proper solution of improving resource allocation efficiency. Methods: Based on the balanced panel data of 31 provinces (cities and autonomous regions) in China from 2012 to 2019，it calculates capital misallocation and labor misallocation of medical resource. Furthermore，the influencing factors of medical resource misallocation are tested by fixed effect regression. Results: The phenomena of medical capital misallocation and labor misallocation are widespread in China. But from the perspective of the region，the misallocation of medical capital and labor in the eastern，middle and western are tending to improve. It shows that government intervene improves the misallocation of medical capital，but aggravates the misallocation of labor. Marketization of medical market is a positive factor to improve the misallocation of medical capital and labor. Compared with population density，per capita GDP has the opposite effect on the misallocation of medical capital and labor. Conclusion: Policy suggestions are put forward from the aspects of implementing precise government intervenes，promoting competition in the medical market，and improving the marketization of labor.