The poverty problem of rural emergency management ability in China is exposed in epidemic prevention and control which is manifested in unreasonable emergency management pattern，insufficient emergency management cognition and limited emergency management resources. From the perspective of "capacity poverty"，the emergency governance capacity could be regarded as a three-dimensional system consisting of governance subject，governance cognition，governance resources and other elements. By reducing the scarcity of various elements to change the poverty state of emergency governance capacity，the improvement of emergency governance capacity would be promoted.