Objective: It aimed to investigate patients' recognition of benefits and risks on using the Internet hospital，and to analyze the key factors associated with the recognition. Methods: A questionnaire survey was performed to investigate the cognitive status of the Internet hospital among outpatients of Shenzhen Baoan People's Hospital(Group). Rank sum test and multinomial ordinal logistic regression were used to analyze the difference of benefits and risks cognition of the Internet hospital among patients with different characteristics and the factors influencing patients' perception of the benefits and risks of the Internet hospital. Results: Among the 246 patients who participated in the survey，the perceived benefits and risks of the Internet hospital were mainly "reducing the risk of on route and in-hospital infection" (80.9 %) and "saving more time for daily life" (80.5%)，and the perceived risks of the Internet hospital were mainly "network fraud" (47.2 %) and "disclosure of personal privacy" (48.8%). Patients with junior higher education level were more likely to perceive benefits of the Internet hospital (junior high school or high school: OR=3.25，95%CI: 1.12-9.44，P＜0.05; College or above: O R=4.15，95%CI:1.39-12.41，P＜0.05 ). Patients in community health centers were more likely to perceive risks of the Internet hospital (O R=2.06，95 %C I: 1.21-3.50，P＜0.01). Conclusion: Patients' perceptions of the benefits and risks of Internet hospitals are affected by various factors. It is imperative to strengthen the publicity of their own advantages and improve patients' cognition of benefits. The construction of network security need to be strengthened，and establish and improve the system and mechanism of the Internet hospital.