Objective: To explore the relevant factors that affect the participation rate and cost of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for dominant diseases of TCM, in order to provide references for giving better play to the advantages of TCM. Methods: The da- ta is selected from the information of inpatients with dominant diseases in 55 hospitals in Beijing from January 1 to December 31, 2019. Using the propensity score matching method, the extracted basic data of inpatients was mixed and eliminated, and the statistical methods of χ² test, logistic regression and Bayesian network model were used to analyze the differences in the participation rate of TCM, influencing factors, and the degree of influence. Results: A total of 219 375 inpatients with dominant diseases were collected, of which 193 810 cases were effective. The proportion of male (54.10%) is higher than that of female. The proportion of patients aged 41 to 80 (61.27%) is the highest. The patients mainly pay for basic medical insurance for urban workers (45.22%). The proportion of pa- tients in tertiary hospitals is higher than that in secondary hospitals. The proportion of patients in 0-7 days is the highest (43.17%). Compared with non-participation, the cost of patients with dominant diseases is higher when traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations is involved, the cost of secondary hospitals is lower when Chinese herbal pieces are involved, and the cost of tertia- ry hospitals is higher. The type, residence, age, payment method and length of stay of the hospital were significantly different in the par- ticipation rate of the four traditional Chinese medicines (P＜0.05). Among them, hospital level, type, age and hospitalization days are the common influencing factors of the participation rate of traditional Chinese medicine (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The participation rate and price of proprietary Chinese medicines for advantageous diseases are higher than those of decoction pieces, and their proportion are unbalanced. It is recommended to improve the pricing and compensation incentive mechanism of TCM, and actively explore the characteristic diagnosis and treatment technology of TCM, so as to improve the utilization rate of TCM, and play its dominant role in the treatment of dominant diseases in TCM.