Objective: To provide a reference for optimal coordination of intra- regional and inter-regional health resource alloca- tion and identification of key populations by comparing and analyzing the distribution of treatment costs for local residents and foreign patients seeking medical treatment for dominant Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) diseases in Beijing. Methods: Using a stratified whole-group sampling method, 205 different types of medical institutions were obtained to account for the treatment costs of patients with different sources of TCM dominant diseases in Beijing medical institutions in 2019 based on the System of Health Accounts 2011. Results: In 2019, the treatment cost of dominant TCM diseases in Beijing accounted for 13.74% of the overall disease treatment cost in the city, dominated by the treatment cost of local residents, with differences in the treatment paradigm, institution, gender, and age distribution between local residents and foreign patients seeking medical treatment. Conclusion: The cost of treatment for the dom- inant diseases in TCM is large in scale and mainly flows to tertiary hospitals, TCM treatment and quality inpatient services are more at- tractive to incoming patients, and it is recommended to optimize the layout of medical resources and fully consider the medical needs of different population before formulating policies.